Spelling reform refers to attempts to modify spellings to reflect pronunciations.

• A. The creation of a new alphabet to replace Latin letters.
• B. The attempt by governments or academic institutions to change the spellings of words to more accurately reflect their current pronunciations.
• C. The use of exclusively phonetic spellings in literature.
• D. The promotion of dialect writing over standard English.

Answer: (B)

Spelling reform is about changing how words are written so that spellings match how they’re pronounced, often through coordinated efforts by authorities like governments or scholarly bodies. That description fits the idea of attempts by governments or academic institutions to adjust spellings to better reflect current pronunciation. Historically, such reforms aim to simplify or align English spelling with spoken forms, rather than introducing a completely new writing system. The other ideas describe different things: creating a new alphabet would go beyond tweaking spellings and overhaul the writing system; using purely phonetic spellings in literature is a stylistic choice rather than a systematic reform; and promoting dialect writing over standard English focuses on representing regional speech rather than changing standard spellings to match pronunciation.