How does attitude to language influence the spread of change?

• A. Negative attitudes promote adoption.
• B. Attitude has no effect on language change.
• C. Changes spread regardless of perceived usefulness.
• D. Positive attitudes and perceived usefulness promote adoption; stigmatized forms resist change.

Answer: (D)

Attitudes to language shape how quickly and widely a change spreads because people weigh social meaning and usefulness when deciding what to adopt. If a new form carries prestige or is seen as useful—perhaps it marks belonging to a desirable group or makes communication clearer—speakers are more inclined to use it, share it, and spread it across their networks. On the other hand, forms that are stigmatized or judged as inappropriate tend to be avoided, resisted, or dropped, which slows or stops their diffusion. So the idea that positive attitudes and perceived usefulness promote adoption, while stigmatized forms resist change, best captures how social evaluation steers language change. The other statements overlook the role of social beliefs in diffusion or incorrectly claim attitudes don’t matter.